Periodontitis

Periodontal disease is an inflammation that affects both the gums and the jawbone. It can develop without you feeling any pain, so you may not notice it right away. Periodontitis usually starts as gum disease, also called gingivitis. Some people are more susceptible to developing periodontal disease than others. There are several factors that contribute to the development of periodontal disease, including:

• Bacteria: The presence of harmful bacteria in the mouth plays a crucial role
• Lifestyle: Smoking and poor oral hygiene can increase the risk
• Hereditary predisposition: Some people have a genetic predisposition to periodontitis
• Medical conditions: Diseases such as diabetes can increase the risk

The severity of periodontitis is determined by the complex interaction of these factors. As periodontal disease develops, the gums begin to separate from the teeth, creating a space known as a 'pocket'. Bacteria, plaque and tartar collect in these pockets and cause further inflammation, ultimately leading to breakdown of the surrounding jawbone. If periodontal disease is left untreated, the inflammation can spread and lead to tooth loss. Periodontal disease also hinders other dental treatments, such as crowns, bridges, implants and braces. It can cause bad breath and have negative effects on overall health, such as:

• Disruption of blood sugar levels in diabetic patients
• Possible increased risk of lung infections and worsening of COPD symptoms in people with chronic lung disease
• Increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks and stroke
• Potential risk of infection for prosthetic material, such as artificial heart valves
• Increased risk of premature birth or a low birth weight baby in pregnant women
• In some cases, periodontal disease must be treated before other medical treatments can take place